IOT Based Accident prevention  and Emergency Services

 

Premalatha. K*, Nandhini. J.J

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore-641049,

Tamilnadu, India

 

ABSTRACT:

In this accelerated world, many technologies have been evolved for each and every second to improve human life style. There have been massive advancements in automobile technologies and still to come. Though advancements are made for the comfort of people, there are lot of accidents taking place because of increased vehicle density, violation of rules and carelessness. During night travel many drivers feel drowsy, they fall asleep unknowingly which leads to accident. To prevent this, sensor is used to detect whether the driver is dozy or not. If the driver is dozy the driver is alarmed through a buzzer and the speed of the car is drastically reduced. Hence, reduces the risk of major accidents. If accident occurs due to other reasons like violating the traffic rules then the accident is detected by a vibration sensor and the current global position of the vehicle is sent to nearest ambulance server by the use of Internet of Things (IoT) and ambulance can reach the accident spot immediately which in turn saves any human lives.

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INTRODUCTION:

The automobile industry is one of the major sectors that hike the economic growth of the country. Today, almost every major manufacturer of automobile has set up facilities in the country. More vehicle density prevails not only in India but also all around the world. Increasing number of population has put forward increasing number of vehicles on road. There have been articles saying that an average American will own 12 cars in his lifetime where as people in Britain owns about 9 cars in their lifetime¹.

 

The number of people having cars in India has also increased. When accident occurs, the information about location of occurrence of accident is given to the ambulance or emergency service only after the inspection of people who come across that place. If there are no people around that region then it’s impossible to give information. Accidents can be detected but the information was not sent to the server³. Accidents due to various other reasons and safety of people inside the vehicle were already taken into account in many other proposed systems^{2, 3}. In previous systems there were GPS but the message of the location was sent only to the phone number already registered.

 

Despite many advancement in automobile industries which were made to make people comfort, this leads to increasing traffic and increasing accidents on road. If this scenario continues then road accidents will be the 4^th major disease which reduces the population.

 

The road accidents occur due to many reasons, due to vehicle density, violation of traffic rules such as over speed driving, driving after consuming any alcohol or drugs, driving in the wrong lane, no proper indication of signals, using mobile phones while driving, etc., these reasons by which accident occurs can be controlled by strict rules laid by the government and by properly educating the people about traffic rules and road safety.

But there is a major reason for road accidents which can never be controlled by any rules laid by the government. Driver’s carelessness during driving causes many accidents which cannot be prevented by anyone. During night driving, many drivers unknowingly fall asleep. Even the closure of eyes for few seconds will lead to major accidents as in that fraction of second; the driver may not be able to control the vehicle speed. The vehicle hits either the opposite vehicle or goes out of the roadway at a high speed causing even loss of lives. If the accident happens during night time, the information about accident may not be informed to ambulance/police for taking emergency action. This is a major threat to people who are travelling by road during night time.

 

The proposed system aims to reduce accidents occurring in night time/day time due to the drowsiness of the driver or other reasons which leads a vehicle to cause accident. An eye blink sensor detects the dozy nature of the driver and if it detects that the driver is drowsy it alerts the driver by an alarm, a stoplight and also by reducing the speed of the vehicle preventing the occurrence of any major cause due to an accident.

 

If an accident occurs, then the vibration sensor detects it and sends information about the current global position of the vehicle to the 108 server (ambulance) via GSM module. Thus the time taken by a man to see the accident and to call the ambulance to that particular spot is neglected. Thus the nearby ambulance arrives swiftly to the accident spot and through this many lives can be saved.

 

PROPOSED SYSTEM:

Proposed system uses Internet of Things (IoT) for detecting the information about the location of accident can be detected by GPS and it sends information to the ambulance server and also to the phone number registered. Thus, the nearby ambulance reaches the accident spot within no time. There were no method previously to detect the drowsiness of the driver but here we have designed a system which not only identifies the drowsiness of the driver but also awakens him with the help of alarm⁴. And it further reduces the speed of the vehicle which reduces the risk of huge accidents.

 

The block diagram shown in figure 1 consists of blocks such as raspberry pi, eye blink sensor, vibration sensor, comparator, alarm, analog to digital converter, engine speed controller and a GPS.

 

 

Figure 1 Block diagram of proposed system

 

The Hardware connection diagram shown in figure 2consists of raspberry pi, eye blink sensor, vibration sensor, comparator, alarm, analog to digital converter, engine speed controller and a GPS. The overall connection diagram for the proposed model is shown in Figure below

 

Figure 2Connection diagram

 

 

METHODOLOGY:

When truck driver or other vehicle driver drives for long time, they fall asleep due to fatigue which may cause major/minor accident. Here the eye blink sensor⁶ which is an infra red sensor which is fixed to a spectacle frame emits invisible infra red rays into the eye of the driver. When the driver is conscious then the eye blink count of the driver will not be more than 3 sec. When the driver’s eyes are in closed position for more than 3 sec then it is detected as a sleeping action. It is successfully detected because when infra red rays strike the eyes and if they are open then the rays doesn’t get reflected. If eyes are closed then the rays gets reflected and if the count exceeds 3 then the driver is alerted with an alarm and automatically the speed of the engine gets reduced with the help of PWM technique⁷. Many accidents can be prevented with this method. The additional setup in this paper is the use of vibration sensor along with GPS module⁵. If accident occurs due to any other reasons then the exact location of the accident is sent to nearby ambulance server. In hill stations or in any rural places during night times when there may not be heavy population in roads.  Hence it is impossible for people to inform the ambulance about the incident. This GPS module informs the nearby ambulance server⁸ and sends the location message to a mobile phone number which was given during the setup.  

 

ALGORITHM:

The Sequence of operation is explained as given in figure 3.

 

1.      Initialize

2.      To read Serial Port Interface(SPI) data from Microcontroller

3.      To convert SPI data to voltage level

4.      To calculate eye blinks

5.      Define blink delay between readings

6.      Read the eye blink sensor data

7.      Actuate the alarm for negative data

8.      Call GPS program (emergency service)

9.      Call SMS program (emergency service)

 

Figure 3 Flow Chart

 

Hardware working model- proposed system:

The working model of the proposed system is developed and shown in figure 4. Sensors detect the accident and prevents the major cause by reducing engine speed. In case of accident the location of person is informed to nearby ambulance server and police station for fast rescue.

 

 

Figure 4 Prototype model

 

 

CONCLUSION:

By this proposed methodology, the fatigue symptoms of the driver can be detected and the speed of the vehicle can be controlled to avoid great effects due to accident. Incase accident occurs, the emergency services help to take immediate rescue action for the person by creating SMS alert to the nearest Ambulance Service Provider and Locate the accident spot immediately in order to inform nearest Police station through SMS.

 

REFERENCES:

1.       Dinges D, Mallis M, Maislin G, et al. Evaluation of techniques for ocular measurement as an index of fatigue and the basis for alertness management. NHTSA, Washington DC, Tech. Rep. DOT HS 808762. 1998.

2.       Ji Q, Zhu Z, Lan P. Real-time nonintrusive monitors a prediction of driver fatigue. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.2004; 53(4); 1052-1068.

3.       Lenne M, Triggs T, Redman J.Time of day variations in driving performance. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 1997;29 (4);431-437.

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5.       Katore Koshal P., Bhambare Rajesh R. Vehicle Accident Prevention System using GSM and GPS Technique. International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT).2015; 29 (2); 92-96; ISSN: 2231-2803.

6.       D.B. Rane, Gaikwad Pooja Rajesh, Devkate Rashmi Rajendra and Futane Manjiree Suresh Accident Avoidance Using Eye Blink Detection. International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research. 2015, 2 (6); 1880-1887.

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8.       Boopathi  K. Govindaraju, M. Sangeetha, M. Jagadeeshraja and M. Dhanasu Real Time based smart vehicle monitoring and alert using GSM and GPS. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering. 2014; 3(11).

 

 

 

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Received on 02.08.2017                             Accepted on 09.10.2017

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